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| Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1938 | -5.2 | -4.9 | -0.6 | 4.7 | 9.5 | 11.6 | 17.9 | 22.2 | 16.5 | 10.7 | 3.3 | -4.7 | 6.8 |
| 1939 | -7.5 | -6.6 | -1.4 | 4.0 | 7.5 | 13.0 | 17.4 | 20.0 | 17.4 | 9.7 | 3.0 | -2.5 | 6.2 |
| 1940 | -6.0 | -5.7 | -0.5 | 3.5 | 8.5 | 11.0 | 16.6 | 19.7 | 15.6 | 10.4 | 3.7 | -1.0 | 6.3 |
| 1941 | -6.5 | -5.8 | -2.6 | 3.6 | 8.1 | 11.4 | 12.7 | 16.5 | 16.0 | 10.0 | 4.0 | -2.9 | 5.4 |
| 1942 | -7.8 | -8.2 | -0.8 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 12.0 | 17.4 | 18.4 | 15.7 | 10.5 | 2.5 | -2.9 | 5.6 |
| 1943 | -4.1 | -6.1 | -1.1 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 12.9 | 19.3 | 21.5 | 17.5 | 11.7 | 1.2 | -3.6 | 6.6 |
| 1944 | -7.7 | -7.9 | -2.2 | 1.7 | 8.9 | 13.7 | 19.0 | 21.3 | 16.6 | 10.8 | 1.3 | -6.0 | 5.8 |
| 1945 | -7.8 | -6.9 | -1.8 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 11.0 | 13.6 | 18.7 | 16.8 | 11.0 | 3.9 | -4.8 | 5.3 |
| 1946 | -6.5 | -6.0 | -3.3 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 14.9 | 18.2 | 22.2 | 16.9 | 11.5 | 4.4 | -2.5 | 6.8 |
| 1947 | -4.9 | -5.5 | -2.3 | 3.7 | 9.0 | 11.2 | 17.1 | 19.3 | 15.1 | 10.6 | 2.4 | -4.6 | 5.9 |
| 1948 | -2.7 | -4.4 | -0.2 | 6.0 | 10.7 | 12.2 | 16.2 | 22.0 | 16.9 | 11.1 | 4.2 | -0.6 | 7.6 |
| 1949 | -2.6 | -2.8 | -3.4 | 2.0 | 9.4 | 11.8 | 16.9 | 20.8 | 17.8 | 10.8 | 3.1 | -3.8 | 6.7 |
| 1950 | -5.7 | -4.8 | -1.3 | 4.0 | 9.2 | 14.6 | 19.3 | 22.6 | 16.8 | 9.0 | 3.0 | -2.9 | 7.0 |
| 1951 | -6.7 | -6.5 | -2.2 | 3.7 | 9.5 | 12.3 | 16.7 | 22.3 | 15.6 | 10.1 | 3.7 | -0.3 | 6.5 |
| 1952 | -5.7 | -7.1 | -2.4 | 3.8 | 8.3 | 13.1 | 16.4 | 19.7 | 17.0 | 11.3 | 0.9 | -7.1 | 5.7 |
| 1953 | -7.7 | -7.3 | -0.9 | 3.6 | 6.9 | 11.1 | 16.8 | 19.2 | 17.6 | 11.2 | -0.6 | -2.6 | 5.6 |
| 1954 | -6.7 | -4.1 | -2.5 | 4.0 | 7.5 | 11.0 | 13.7 | 17.0 | 17.2 | 9.5 | 3.2 | -1.8 | 5.7 |
| 1955 | -6.4 | -4.8 | -1.3 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 12.7 | 20.3 | 19.5 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 3.6 | -0.4 | 6.8 |
| 1956 | -6.1 | -4.6 | -2.0 | 5.1 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 13.8 | 16.3 | 17.2 | 12.3 | 2.8 | -2.6 | 6.2 |
| 1957 | -3.9 | -5.5 | -2.9 | 4.4 | 9.3 | 10.9 | 17.1 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 11.1 | 5.4 | -1.1 | 6.5 |
| 1958 | -4.9 | -4.9 | -2.3 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 12.6 | 17.5 | 18.3 | 16.8 | 10.6 | 4.5 | -0.5 | 6.7 |
| 1959 | -7.3 | -2.8 | 0.8 | 6.4 | 9.4 | 12.7 | 17.1 | 18.5 | 16.2 | 11.6 | 2.9 | -3.9 | 6.8 |
| 1960 | -7.2 | -5.2 | -1.4 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 10.8 | 15.9 | 20.8 | 18.1 | 9.7 | 3.3 | -3.9 | 6.0 |
| 1961 | -7.7 | -5.3 | -1.4 | 5.5 | 8.7 | 14.7 | 19.5 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 10.4 | 4.1 | -1.3 | 7.2 |
| 1962 | -4.2 | -5.4 | -2.5 | 6.7 | 10.0 | 12.9 | 16.8 | 17.7 | 16.6 | 9.9 | 2.6 | -1.5 | 6.6 |
| 1963 | -3.6 | -3.7 | 0.1 | 5.0 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 16.8 | 17.1 | 15.6 | 10.7 | 4.3 | -1.7 | 7.0 |
| 1964 | -4.5 | -7.7 | -1.3 | 3.7 | 9.9 | 11.9 | 15.3 | 17.7 | 14.9 | 10.0 | 3.6 | -1.9 | 6.0 |
| 1965 | -4.1 | -5.7 | -2.8 | 3.2 | 9.1 | 13.3 | 15.2 | 18.8 | 15.8 | 11.4 | 2.1 | -2.6 | 6.1 |
| 1966 | -5.0 | -5.5 | -1.0 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 15.3 | 17.5 | 15.4 | 11.6 | 4.1 | -4.4 | 6.0 |
| 1967 | -6.8 | -5.9 | -0.7 | 4.5 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 16.4 | 20.5 | 15.5 | 11.0 | 1.8 | -1.5 | 6.4 |
| 1968 | -4.2 | -4.7 | 1.9 | 5.7 | 8.9 | 14.5 | 17.3 | 18.1 | 15.9 | 9.1 | 5.3 | -0.7 | 7.3 |
| 1969 | -7.3 | -7.5 | -2.5 | 3.9 | 7.2 | 10.6 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 16.1 | 9.4 | 2.2 | -5.4 | 5.0 |
| 1970 | -6.6 | -6.0 | -4.2 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 12.9 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 16.8 | 10.5 | 4.3 | -3.3 | 6.3 |
| 1971 | -6.3 | -6.4 | -1.7 | 4.1 | 7.6 | 11.6 | 15.8 | 17.2 | 15.2 | 11.5 | 3.4 | -2.2 | 5.8 |
| 1972 | -5.3 | -5.0 | -0.6 | 5.9 | 9.4 | 12.8 | 16.8 | 20.4 | 15.7 | 10.9 | 1.9 | -1.4 | 6.8 |
| 1973 | -4.2 | -5.3 | -2.9 | 4.2 | 8.4 | 12.8 | 17.0 | 20.9 | 17.1 | 10.4 | 3.5 | -1.9 | 6.7 |
| 1974 | -2.6 | -4.6 | -2.1 | 4.0 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 16.8 | 18.8 | 16.5 | 10.1 | 1.9 | -5.7 | 6.1 |
| 1975 | -4.1 | -6.1 | -1.5 | 4.3 | 8.4 | 13.7 | 16.1 | 20.6 | 17.3 | 10.4 | 3.8 | -3.8 | 6.6 |
| 1976 | -4.6 | -3.5 | -1.4 | 4.0 | 8.9 | 11.9 | 17.5 | 17.6 | 15.7 | 10.2 | 1.3 | -2.0 | 6.3 |
| 1977 | -8.3 | -7.1 | -1.0 | 3.6 | 8.0 | 11.9 | 18.2 | 19.1 | 17.4 | 11.4 | 4.5 | -1.8 | 6.3 |
| 1978 | -6.7 | -9.2 | -1.6 | 4.3 | 9.2 | 13.5 | 20.6 | 21.3 | 17.4 | 9.6 | 3.4 | -2.1 | 6.6 |
| 1979 | -6.9 | -4.5 | -2.5 | 2.7 | 7.8 | 13.2 | 15.8 | 20.3 | 16.9 | 11.3 | 2.9 | -0.1 | 6.4 |
| 1980 | -5.4 | -7.1 | -1.9 | 1.9 | 7.8 | 12.9 | 15.9 | 16.5 | 16.0 | 10.0 | 4.3 | -0.6 | 5.9 |
| 1981 | -5.4 | -6.3 | -2.6 | 5.6 | 8.1 | 11.8 | 17.1 | 18.7 | 16.0 | 10.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 | 6.1 |
| 1982 | -5.6 | -5.3 | -0.6 | 3.7 | 9.0 | 11.9 | 16.9 | 21.0 | 17.5 | 11.4 | 4.3 | -1.0 | 6.9 |
| 1983 | -4.2 | -7.6 | -1.9 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 14.5 | 18.9 | 15.8 | 8.9 | 4.8 | -2.1 | 5.9 |
| 1984 | -4.9 | -6.6 | -3.3 | 2.9 | 7.9 | 15.5 | 19.5 | 20.5 | 16.6 | 9.2 | 2.3 | -3.6 | 6.3 |
| 1985 | -8.7 | -4.8 | -1.4 | 4.9 | 8.6 | 11.7 | 16.6 | 21.1 | 15.7 | 10.3 | 2.7 | -4.2 | 6.0 |
| 1986 | -7.2 | -6.5 | -2.4 | 4.6 | 8.4 | 11.2 | 14.4 | 19.6 | 16.8 | 9.1 | 2.1 | -1.9 | 5.7 |
| 1987 | -6.4 | -5.6 | -1.4 | 4.2 | 8.6 | 12.6 | 17.5 | 18.0 | 16.4 | 11.1 | 2.0 | -3.1 | 6.2 |
| 1988 | -4.8 | -6.3 | -1.8 | 4.1 | 8.0 | 12.6 | 14.1 | 20.4 | 16.1 | 10.4 | 2.0 | -1.5 | 6.1 |
| 1989 | -2.6 | -2.4 | 0.8 | 4.0 | 8.2 | 10.7 | 18.4 | 20.4 | 16.8 | 10.8 | 4.8 | -1.3 | 7.4 |
| 1990 | -5.7 | -2.4 | 1.4 | 5.7 | 9.3 | 13.4 | 18.9 | 20.3 | 17.1 | 13.3 | 6.2 | 1.2 | 8.2 |
| 1991 | -1.6 | -3.6 | -1.5 | 4.8 | 10.1 | 14.3 | 16.2 | 19.0 | 16.6 | 11.8 | 3.5 | -2.3 | 7.3 |
| 1992 | -3.6 | -3.6 | -0.4 | 3.7 | 8.1 | 12.1 | 17.6 | 18.0 | 14.9 | 11.1 | 3.2 | -1.2 | 6.7 |
| 1993 | -2.7 | -3.3 | -0.2 | 3.1 | 8.6 | 10.7 | 15.6 | 17.6 | 16.3 | 11.1 | 3.7 | -1.6 | 6.6 |
| 1994 | -6.1 | -2.7 | -1.3 | 4.4 | 10.0 | 12.8 | 17.4 | 21.7 | 17.5 | 11.8 | 4.3 | -2.9 | 7.2 |
| 1995 | -4.0 | -4.0 | -0.8 | 4.8 | 11.0 | 12.7 | 18.4 | 19.3 | 16.3 | 12.3 | 5.2 | -0.6 | 7.6 |
| 1996 | -4.6 | -4.5 | -1.0 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 12.0 | 15.9 | 18.7 | 16.8 | 10.4 | 2.3 | -2.4 | 6.2 |
| 1997 | -3.0 | -3.3 | -1.5 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 11.7 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 16.1 | 10.3 | 6.4 | -0.7 | 6.9 |
| 1998 | -6.9 | -5.1 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 10.1 | 12.9 | 15.5 | 18.1 | 17.2 | 12.5 | 2.0 | -2.4 | 6.6 |
| 1999 | -4.1 | -5.6 | -2.6 | 4.2 | 8.4 | 14.5 | 16.6 | 21.0 | 18.3 | 11.2 | 3.8 | -1.9 | 7.0 |
| 2000 | -4.2 | -5.6 | -2.1 | 3.5 | 9.3 | 12.8 | 18.9 | 21.5 | 17.7 | 10.6 | 1.5 | -4.1 | 6.7 |
| 2001 | -6.3 | -7.7 | -2.4 | 4.7 | 8.5 | 13.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 15.6 | 10.8 | 4.0 | -4.2 | 6.0 |
| 2002 | -3.6 | -1.0 | 0.5 | 6.8 | 11.1 | 12.1 | 15.7 | 17.1 | 17.0 | 10.8 | 2.3 | -4.4 | 7.0 |
| 2003 | -4.7 | -5.6 | -0.7 | 5.3 | 10.1 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 18.4 | 16.6 | 11.3 | 4.5 | -1.4 | 6.8 |
| 2004 | -3.9 | -3.0 | -0.5 | 4.4 | 10.6 | 14.6 | 16.8 | 19.7 | 17.8 | 11.8 | 5.9 | -2.0 | 7.7 |
| 2005 | -4.6 | -5.7 | -1.0 | 3.9 | 7.0 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 21.0 | 17.9 | 12.6 | 4.9 | -2.3 | 7.1 |
| 2006 | -5.5 | -4.7 | -0.9 | 2.1 | 9.3 | 11.9 | 18.4 | 21.6 | 17.7 | 11.0 | 4.5 | -1.8 | 7.0 |
| 2007 | -3.7 | -3.2 | -0.7 | 3.5 | 7.6 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 20.4 | 17.0 | 10.9 | 3.0 | -1.7 | 7.0 |
| 2008 | -6.0 | -4.8 | 0.6 | 6.0 | 8.3 | 11.9 | 17.9 | 18.8 | 17.9 | 11.5 | 3.8 | -0.4 | 7.1 |
| 2009 | -2.4 | -4.4 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 10.0 | 12.3 | 14.8 | 18.6 | 16.9 | 11.4 | 3.1 | -2.2 | 6.9 |
| 2010 | -3.4 | -4.9 | -1.4 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 15.0 | 18.1 | 22.4 | 18.4 | 11.4 | 4.8 | -1.1 | 7.5 |
| 2011 | -5.1 | -2.2 | -0.6 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 12.8 | 17.5 ) | 21.5 | 18.3 | 12.1 | 4.9 | -2.3 | 7.3 |
| 2012 | -5.4 | -6.4 | -2.4 | 4.6 | 8.9 | 12.6 | 17.2 | 20.4 | 19.4 | 11.8 | 3.8 | -3.0 | 6.8 |
| 2013 | -5.8 | -5.1 | -1.3 | 4.5 | 7.2 | 14.0 | 18.9 | 20.2 | 17.6 | 11.8 | 5.5 | -0.2 | 7.3 |
| 2014 | -5.3 | -4.2 | -1.2 | 3.9 | 8.7 | 13.9 | 19.2 | 20.0 | 16.7 | 11.0 | 4.8 | -2.3 | 7.1 |
| 2015 | -2.9 | -1.7 | 2.3 | 5.9 | 9.9 | 12.1 | 17.6 | 19.0 | 17.3 | 10.4 | 3.7 | -0.2 | 7.8 |
| 2016 | -5.2 | -4.7 | 0.5 | 4.3 | 11.4 | 12.5 | 17.4 | 21.6 | 16.6 | 9.5 | 0.1 | -2.6 | 6.8 |
| 2017 | -4.3 | -3.0 | -0.4 | 5.3 | 9.8 | 12.0 | 18.4 | 18.6 | 16.9 | 9.9 | 2.5 | -3.0 | 6.9 |
| 2018 | -3.6 | -5.3 | 0.1 | 5.6 | 9.5 | 12.7 | 16.9 | 18.3 | 17.4 | 12.8 | 5.0 | -2.0 | 7.3 |
| 2019 | -4.1 | -4.5 | 0.1 | 5.2 | 12.6 | 13.3 | 18.0 | 18.3 | 18.1 | 12.4 | 2.6 | -2.4 | 7.5 |
| 2020 | -3.7 | -4.2 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 13.9 | 17.7 | 19.7 | 18.5 | 12.1 | 4.7 | -3.1 | 7.6 |
| 2021 | -6.0 | -3.5 | 1.4 | 5.7 | 9.2 | 14.3 | 21.1 | 19.7 | 17.7 | 11.5 | 6.1 | -1.0 | 8.0 |
| 2022 | -4.1 | -3.4 | 1.2 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 12.1 | 18.6 | 21.3 | 18.5 | 11.7 | 5.3 | -2.6 | 8.0 |
| 2023 | -5.7 | -4.7 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 10.6 | 15.7 | 19.6 | 21.5 | 20.0 | 13.2 | 4.8 | -2.0 | 8.5 |
| 2024 | -3.5 | -4.0 | -0.2 | 7.0 ) | -0.2 ] |
Remarks
The red lines, if any, indicate data inhomogeneity caused by changes in instrumentation, observation methods and/or site location.